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Peer-ReviewedBMC Psychology2026

Study protocol for blended emotion regulation intervention in Kenya

Efficacy and acceptability of a blended intervention for emotion regulation (MAISHA) among young people in Kenya: study protocol for a cluster RCT

Key Finding

This protocol describes a planned 2x2 factorial cluster RCT of 666 Kenyan young people comparing a blended digital-and-face-to-face emotion regulation intervention (MAISHA) to digital-only, face-to-face-only, and care-as-usual conditions.

At a Glance

Study Design

Study protocol - 2x2 factorial cluster RCT

Sample Size

N=666

Population

Young people 13-25 in Kenya

Setting

Kenya

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a crucial developmental period characterized by increased challenges in emotion regulation. In Kenya, one in every two adolescents faces a mental health challenge, highlighting a need for early interventions targeting emotion regulation.

Methods: In a parallel group, cluster-randomized 2x2 factorial controlled trial, 666 young people aged 13-25 will be randomly allocated to one of four 4-week study arms: (1) digital app blended with face-to-face, (2) digital app only, (3) face-to-face only, or (4) care as usual. The face-to-face element will consist of four group sessions on growth mindset, values, and gratitude.

Primary Outcome: Emotion regulation difficulties, assessed post-intervention using the short form of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-SF).

Discussion: This trial advances adolescent global mental health by strengthening evidence on youth-focused, mechanism-informed, blended interventions while also highlighting participatory approaches in low- and middle-income countries.

Authors

Rugendo, E., Lyimo, G. S., Daya, R., Githinji, M., Kashamba, K., Njoki, F., Yusufu, I., Osborn, T., Chase, R. P., Sando, M., Nyundo, A., Bärnighausen, T., Reininghaus, U., McMahon, S. A., Reinhold, A. S.

Citation & Access

Rugendo, E., Lyimo, G. S., Daya, R., Githinji, M., Kashamba, K., Njoki, F., Yusufu, I., Osborn, T., Chase, R. P., Sando, M., Nyundo, A., Bärnighausen, T., Reininghaus, U., McMahon, S. A., Reinhold, A. S. (2026). Efficacy and acceptability of a blended intervention for emotion regulation (MAISHA) among young people in Kenya: study protocol for a cluster RCT. BMC Psychology.